Croatia Presidential election (29 December 2024)
Incumbent President Zoran Milanović secured re-election with 74% of the vote in a runoff against conservative candidate Dragan Primorac (AP News). His critical stance on the EU and NATO may shape Croatia’s engagement with EU health strategies, particularly in digital health, pandemic preparedness and EU health security strategy.

Belarus Presidential Election (26 January 2025)
President Alexander Lukashenko was re-elected with 87.6% of the vote. The election, criticized by Western nations as unfair, has drawn EU condemnation over human rights violations and lack of political participation, impacting future health security collaboration.

Upcoming elections

• Kosovo (9 February 2025): Parliamentary elections could impact public health policies, with incumbent PM Albin Kurti focusing on healthcare funding and pandemic response.
• Germany (23 February 2025): Federal elections, featuring CDU’s Friedrich Merz and SPD’s Olaf Scholz, may influence Germany’s role in EU health initiatives. Elon Musk’s endorsement of the AfD has sparked concerns over rising populism (Financial Times).